A perplexed Secretary of Interior Jacob D. Grant never even consulted with cabinet members on the treaty annexation in effect, the annexation proposal was already decided. Babcock, rather than a State Department official, was sent to negotiate a treaty annexation with Santo Domingo. For example, in 1869, Grant's private secretary Orville E. The unprecedented way that Grant ran his cabinet, in a military-style rather than civilian, contributed to the scandals. In 1872, Senator Charles Sumner, labeled corruption in the Grant administration " Grantism". Nepotism, although legally unrestricted at the time, was prevalent, with over 40 family members benefiting from government appointments and employment. Taking over the House in 1875, the Democratic Party had more success in investigating, rooting out, and exposing corruption in the Grant Administration. The Liberal Republicans, a political reform faction that bolted from the Republican Party in 1871, attempted to defeat Grant for a second term in office, but the effort failed. Starting with the Black Friday (1869) gold speculation ring, corruption would be discovered in seven federal departments. The standards in many of his appointments were low, and charges of corruption were widespread At times, however, Grant appointed various cabinet members to clean up the executive corruption. Grant was influenced by political forces of both reform and corruption. Grant, ever trusting of associates, had strong bonds of loyalty to those he considered friends. Grant and his administration, including his cabinet, suffered many scandals, leading to a continuous reshuffling of officials.
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